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Government

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• -To govern or to controls others

• -a political entity that has the authority to make rules (law) and enforce them in society

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What are the organs of government?

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1. 1. Legislature

2. 2. Executive

3. 3. Judiciary

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The Legislature

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· the law-making body in the State, i.e. the body that legislates the law, passes new Act, and amends any law whenever necessary

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Type of legislature

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i- Unicameral (it has one chamber, e.g. Israel, Knesset [Israeli Parliament])

ii- Bicameral (it has two chambers, e.g. in Malaysia, Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat)

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Functions of legislature

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i- law-making for the society

ii-   representation: representing people

iii- supervision: oversee the work of the executive branch

iv- amendment: amending laws if required

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The Executive

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· the body that executes or implements the law passed by the legislative branch in the State.

· when the law is legislated, it is the task of the Executive Branch to carry it out

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Functions of executive branch

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i-Internal administration: managing the internal affairs of the State

ii- External administration: managing State’s external relations with other states in the world (diplomacy, diplomatic relations, etc.)

iii- Security: ensure State’s security is protected through establishment of military institutions; police force, intelligence agency, etc

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The Judiciary

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· the entire court system and legal provisions existing in the State. This includes the court, the judge, the prosecutor, and entire legal system

·the body that is responsible to interpret the law and adjudicate disputes in society between people-to-people and people-to-government

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example of Judiciary

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·if there’s any dispute occuring in society, we can take the case to court and we have fair trial before the judge.

· the judge will pass his or her judgment/verdict after listening to arguments from both parties (plaintiff and defendant)

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functions of judiciary:

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i. deciding the fact: if there’s a case, court has duty to establish fact of the case

ii. interpretation of law

iii.  upholding justice

iv. preventing infraction of law

v. judicial review: if there is any dispute, the court has the power to review the case and pronounce its verdict