Genetics Review

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What is asexual reproduction?

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Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that involves only one parent, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It typically occurs more quickly than sexual reproduction.

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What does a pedigree chart show?

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A pedigree chart is a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between individuals in a family, often used to track the inheritance of traits.

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells (gametes) from one diploid cell. It involves two rounds of division.

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What are dominant traits?

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Dominant traits are characteristics that are expressed in an organism when at least one dominant allele is present. They overshadow recessive traits.

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What are recessive traits?

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Recessive traits are characteristics that are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present. They are masked by dominant traits.

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms, showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What is the probability of having a recessive offspring if both parents are heterozygous?

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The probability is 25%. In a Punnett Square, this is represented by one out of four squares showing the recessive phenotype.

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What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

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Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (2n). Gametes are haploid, while somatic cells are diploid.

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What is the role of alleles in genetics?

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Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine specific traits. Each individual inherits one allele from each parent.

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What is genetic variation?

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Genetic variation refers to the diversity in gene frequencies within a population, which can result from mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction.