Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

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What are metals and how are they processed?

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Metals are found naturally and mined from the earth. They are extracted from natural ore using large heat furnaces and sold as sheets, bars, rods, tubes, and angles. Most metals can be recycled, saving natural resources.

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What are ferrous metals?

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Ferrous metals contain iron and are magnetic. They are prone to rust and require a protective finish, which can also improve aesthetics.

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What are the properties and uses of cast iron?

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Properties: Brittle if thin, can be cast in a mould, strong compression strength, good electrical and thermal conductivity, poor resistance to corrosion. Uses: Manhole covers, pans and gates, vices.

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What are the properties and uses of high-carbon steel (tool steel)?

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Properties: Hard but brittle, less malleable than mild steel, good electrical and thermal conductivity. Uses: Taps and tools, e.g., screwdrivers and chisels.

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What are the properties and uses of low-carbon steel (mild steel)?

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Properties: Ductile and tough, easy to form, braze and weld, good electrical and thermal conductivity, poor resistance to corrosion. Uses: Nuts, bolts, screws, bike frames, and car bodies.

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What are non-ferrous metals?

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Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, are not magnetic, and do not rust.

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What are the properties and uses of aluminium?

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Properties: Light in weight, malleable but strong, good conductor of heat, corrosion resistant. Uses: Drink cans, saucepans, bike frames.

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What are the properties and uses of copper?

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Properties: Excellent electrical conductor of heat and electricity, extremely malleable, can be polished, oxidises to a green colour. Uses: Plumbing fittings, electrical wires, professional chef's saucepans.

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What are the properties and uses of silver?

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Properties: Precious metal, soft and malleable when heated, highly resistant to corrosion, excellent electrical conductor of heat. Uses: Jewellery.

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What are alloys?

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Alloys are mixtures of metal with an element to improve properties or aesthetics. They can be ferrous or non-ferrous and may require a protective finish.