Unit 2 Vocab: Cell Structures & Functions

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Cells

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Basic unit of life, found in all living organisms.

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Prokaryote

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A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryote

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An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

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Chromosomes

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Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.

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Organelles

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Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes.

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Nucleolus

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A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

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Ribosomes

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Molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

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Rough ER

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Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis.

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Smooth ER

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Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

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Cisternae

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Flattened membrane disks of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.