Geography test flashcards

Front

FORESTRY

difference between commercial and non-commercial forests?

Back

commercial means they r primarily managed for economic gain trees r grown to be timber closer to road

Non-commercial forests are forests not primarily used for timber production. They may be protected for conservation, recreation, wildlife habitat, or cultural reasons

Front

Differences between clear cutting, shelter-wood cutting, and selective cutting

Back

Clear cutting: Removal of all trees in an area at once. (leads to habitat loss & soil erosion)

Shelterwood cutting: Trees removed in phases, leaving some mature trees to provide shelter for young seedlings (Promotes natural regeneration)

Selective cutting: Cut down only trees of a specific size type or quantity (Least damaging, but most expensive)

Front

List the current issues that forestry industries are facing

Back

Deforestation & habitat loss

Climate change

Over-harvesting and sustainability concerns

Conflicts with indigenous rights & land claims

Economic pressures & global market fluctuation

Jack pine helps with forest fires, the ones that are coniferous

Front

MINING

List the three types of mineral groups

Back

1. Metallic minerals

2.Industries minerals

3.Fossil Fuels

Front

List & explain the 3 methods of mining

Back

1.Strip mining - used for extracting minerals near the surface

2.Open pit mining - used to extract minerals near surface but extend deep into earth

3.Underground mining - used to collect minerals deep within earth (best option)

Front

List the issues that mining industries face

Back

-Negative impact on environment

-Abandoned mines

-Loss of jobs

-Exhausting the supply

-Staying competitive with other countries

-Boom/"bust towns"

Front

ENERGY

List conventional energy sources

Back

Energy sources widely used and established (often non-renewable)

such as:

coal. oil, natural gas, nuclear power

+ Non renewable nuclear power uranium shatters creating nuclear energy

Front

List some alternative energy sources

Back

Alternative energy sources = renewable/less common energy sources

Solar wind, renewable hydroelectricity power by falling water, geothermal

Front

What are the advantages of hydroelectricity, thermal electricity and nuclear power?

Back

Hydro: Renewable, low greenhouse gas emissions

Thermal: Reliable, established technology

Nuclear: Low greenhouse gases, high energy output

Front

What are the DISadvantages of hydroelectricity, thermal electricity and nuclear power?

Back

Hydro: Impact on aquatic ecosystems, expensive infrastructure

Thermal: Pollution, greenhouse gases, finite resources

Nuclear: Radioactive waste, risk of accidents, high costs