FSM chapter 2

Front

1. What is fire, according to fire science?

Back

A rapid oxidative, exothermic reaction that releases heat and sustains itself.

Front

What are the four components of the fire tetrahedron?

Back

Fuel, heat, oxygen, and chemical chain reaction.

Front

How can fire be extinguished using the fire tetrahedron concept?

Back

By removing any one of the four components:
1.Removal of Fuel (starvation)

2. 2.Removal of oxygen (smothering)

3. 3. Removal of Heat (cooling)

4. 4. Interference by Removal of Free Radicals (Chemical Chain Reaction)

Front

How do vapours burn?

Back

By igniting within flammability limits when mixed with air and exposed to heat.

Front

How do liquids burn?

Back

They vaporizing first; then the vapour burns if it reaches flash/fire/auto-ignition points.

Front

Explain Flash point, Fire point and Auto Ignition Point

Back

Flash Point: The lowest temperature at which a substance gives off vapour that can ignite briefly.
Fire Point: The temperature slightly above the flash point at which vapours burn sustainably after ignition.
Auto Ignition Point: The lowest temperature at which a substance spontaneously ignites without any external flame or spark.

Front

How do solids burn?

Back

Via pyrolysis—thermal decomposition that releases vapours for flaming or smouldering combustion.

Front

What is pyrolysis?

Back

The thermal decomposition of materials to release combustible gases.

Front

What is flaming combustion?

Back

Rapid gas-phase combustion with visible flame, high heat, and buoyant plume.

Front

What is smouldering combustion?

Back

Slow, surface-level, flameless combustion, often with toxic gas emission.