Theatre Sound and Lighting Techniques

Front

Speaker Placement

Back

The physical location of speakers in the performance space to control directionality, immersion, and realism of sound. Standard PA speakers are located above or beside the stage, facing the audience.

Front

Volume

Back

The loudness or softness of a sound, adjusted to create dynamics, tension, or realism. High volume may overwhelm; low volume may suggest intimacy.

Front

Fade

Back

A gradual increase (fade in) or decrease (fade out) in volume, used to transition smoothly between sound cues or suggest time passing or emotional shifts.

Front

Quick Fade

Back

A shorter, sharper fade-out than a standard fade, used to swiftly end a sound cue without it feeling abrupt.

Front

Snap

Back

An immediate, sharp cut in the sound, often used for dramatic effect, signalling a sudden stop or shock.

Front

Panning

Back

The movement of a sound from one speaker to another, creating spatial realism or disorientation.

Front

Spot FX Speaker

Back

A speaker placed onstage or in a specific area to deliver a sound effect from a precise location.

Front

Subwoofers

Back

Speakers designed to produce very low-frequency sounds, often felt physically by the audience.

Front

Standard General Cover

Back

Mix of lanterns with top light, providing even, natural illumination.

Front

Top Light

Back

Light from directly above, flattening features and creating a clinical or oppressive feel.