Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

How many codons are there in the genetic code?

Back

There are 64 codons in the genetic code.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the start of protein synthesis.

Front

What are the stop codons?

Back

UAA, UAG, and UGA, which signal the termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.