What is Mitosis and where does it occur?

Mitosis the division of a cell to produce two identical daughter cells. It occurs in body cells like skin cells.

What is Meiosis and where does it occur?

Meiosis is the division of a cell to produce four daughter gametes with half the chromosomes of it's parent.

What is a sex-linked disease? (Not to be confused with an STD)

Diseases linked to the genes that are located on sex-chromosomes

What is the function of a gene?

A gene contains the instructions for making a specific protein, which determines a trait or function in an organism.

What is genetic variation and why is it important?

Genetic variation refers to differences in DNA among individuals. It is important because it increases a population's ability to adapt to environmental changes.

What is codominance? Give an example.

Codominance is when both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: AB blood type in humans.

What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.

Incomplete dominance is when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype. Example: Red and white snapdragon flowers producing pink offspring.

What is an example of a sex-linked disease?

Hemophilia, red-green color blindness Did you know, males are more prone to these diseases because they only have one X chromosome? Females have two X chromosomes, so they can have one mutated gene and be a carrier without expressing the condition, or have two mutated genes and express the condition.

Alleles are a specific type of gene that make up features.

What is the difference between a Genotype and a Phenotype with an example?

A Genotype is an organism's genetic make up, while a Phenotype is the way it is expressed. E.g. Heterozygous Dominant (EE) = Detached Earlobes Heterozygous (Ee) = Detached Earlobes Homozygous (ee) = Attached Earlobes

What is a carrier in genetics?

A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele that does not show the trait but can pass it to offspring.

What is a homozygous genotype?

A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a particular gene, such as AA or aa.

What is a Punnet Square?

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

What is a pro and con of studying genetics?

Pros: Treating genetic disease Cons: Ethically gray

A pedigree is a chart that shows the generations in a species with a specific gene passed down through it.

What is the struggle for existence?

It is the competition or battle for resources needed to live

Distinguish between artificial selection and natural selection.

Artificial selection is the selective breeding of animals for desirable traits and characteristics, while natural selection is the survival of individuals with characteristics suited for survival in an environment.

What are some features of natural selection? (Sort of like steps)

•Variation already exists in a population. •Parents pass on their traits to their offspring. •Organisms with some particular traits that promote survival reproduce more than others. •Successful traits accumulate over many generations.

What is an adaptation?

a characteristic enabling an organism to survive in an environment.

What are the three different types of adaptations with an example of each?

• Behavioural , e.g. A crab hiding under a rock when danger is present • Structural , e.g. A praying mantis looks like a leaf • Physiological , e.g. arctic fish have antifreeze in their blood to ensure their survival

What are the three different fossil types?

Transitional fossils, trace fossils, strata fossils.

Describe three situations in which fossilisation might occur.

Quickly buried, frozen in ice, trapped in tree sap.

All organisms of some species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves.

All of the genes present in a species.

What is mutation and why is it important in evolution?

A spontaneous change in DNA that can be inherited. It is important in evolution because it generates the genetic variation in a species.

What are homologous structures?

Similar structures in different species with different functions, showing a common ancestor.

What is an analogous structure?

Different structures in different species that have same function, shows similar adaptations if they live in same environment.

What is a vestigial structure?

Structures that seem to not have functions, but may have had previous functions that shows the species change over time.

Are humans still evolving? Provide evidence from both sides. (Yes and No)

For: - Humans still die from disease and other causes - Mutations and other variation still occur in humans Against: - Modern medicine prevent the weak from dying - Community takes care of the weak - Humans use tools to overcome any threats to survival

Interval between two locations measured along the actual path connecting them. No direction.

Interval between two locations measured along the shortest path connecting them. Includes direction

What is Mary's displacement? (Remember, includes direction)

300m right. (If no compass, assume by left, right, up, down etc. If justifiable, it's right.)

The rate at which distance changes over time.

How fast an object is moving and in what direction. (Has both magnitude and direction- It is a VECTOR quantity).

What is her average velocity (in km/h)? Remember, average velocity = displacement/time

velocity = 0.3 ÷ 0.25 = 1.2 km/h East

Pbefore = Pafter means what?

That the total momentum of a system won’t change unless an external force acts on the system.

Science enhancement year 10 Flashcards

Student preview

56 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is DNA? What does it look like? What does it stand for?

Back

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a double helix and is found in the Nucleus of Cells.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the 4 bases of DNA?

Back

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

A-T, C-G

Remember it by C and G looking similar, with A and T not looking like it.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the role of RNA in genetics?

Back

RNA helps carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are made. It acts as a messenger and plays a key role in protein synthesis.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a mutation in genetics?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits or cause genetic disorders.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the complementary strand of:

GGATGAC

(Remember, A-T, C-G)

Back

CCTACTG

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How many chromosomes are in a human?

Back

46

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Back

23

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