Understanding Primary and Secondary Sources

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Difference between primary and secondary sources

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Primary sources are direct witnesses to history, such as photographs from the time or speeches by Presidents. Secondary sources are created after the event by someone who did not directly experience it, like biographies or textbooks.

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Examples of primary sources

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Photographs from the time, speeches given by Presidents, artifacts.

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How historians deal with historical bias

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Historians utilize both primary and secondary sources to interpret the past.

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Columbian Exchange

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The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Animals indigenous to the Americas

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Turkey and llamas.

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Animals indigenous to Europe

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Cattle, horses, pigs.

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Image of New England colonial activities

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Depicts fishing and lumber trade

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Image of Middle colonial farming

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Shows "breadbasket" farming economy

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Colonists' desire for representation

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The colonists want to represent themselves in government.

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Main reason for the Proclamation Line of 1763

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Avoid conflicts between American colonists and Native American Indians