Statistics and Probability Review

Front

What is correlation in statistics?

Back

Correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

Front

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Back

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation implies that one variable directly affects the other.

Front

What is systematic sampling?

Back

Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a list or sequence.

Front

What is the Empirical Rule in statistics?

Back

The Empirical Rule states that for a normal distribution, approximately 68% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two, and 99.7% within three.

Front

How do you calculate a z-score?

Back

Z-score = (X - mean) / standard deviation, where X is the value being standardized.

Front

What is a normal distribution?

Back

A normal distribution is a bell-shaped distribution where most of the observations cluster around the central peak and probabilities for values further away from the mean taper off equally in both directions.

Front

What is the mean in statistics?

Back

The mean is the average of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.

Front

What is standard deviation?

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Front

What is cluster sampling?

Back

Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters for the sample.

Front

What is convenience sampling?

Back

Convenience sampling involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach, which may not represent the entire population.