section 4 – The Future Wasn't Meant to be

Front

Who proposed the idea of the 'End of History'?

Back

Francis Fukuyama.

Front

What year did Fukuyama publish The End of History and the Last Man?

Back

1992.

Front

What event symbolized the turning point for Fukuyama’s theory?

Back

The end of the Cold War.

Front

What system did Fukuyama claim had 'won' history?

Back

Liberal democracy and capitalism.

Front

What did 'the end of history' mean in Fukuyama’s theory?

Back

The end of ideological evolution—not of events, but of competing political ideas.

Front

Which two philosophers influenced Fukuyama’s idea?

Back

Hegel and Marx.

Front

What did Hegel believe about history?

Back

That it evolves toward greater freedom.

Front

What did Marx believe about history?

Back

That it progresses through stages toward a classless society.

Front

Why was Fukuyama criticized?

Back

Critics thought he was too optimistic and ignored rising authoritarianism.

Front

How did Fukuyama respond to criticism in later years?

Back

He admitted that liberal democracy is fragile and needs defending.