What is the Epidermis?

Outer layer, avascular, and made up of stratified squamous epithelium, provides protection.

Tough protein found in vertebrate epidermal cells that provides protection.

Pigment produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects against UV radiation.

Found in invertebrate epidermal structures (e.g., arthropod cuticle, not in vertebrates).

Found mainly in the dermis, provides strength and elasticity.

What is an Open Circulatory System?

Flows directly into the body cavities and then back to the heart through open pores.

What is a Closed Circulatory System?

Maintains continuous flow of blood within a network of closed vessels.

How many chambers does a mammalian heart have?

Four chambers (2 atria and 2 ventricles).

What does the Right Atrium do?

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

What does the Right Ventricle do?

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

What does the Left Atrium do?

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

What does the Left Ventricle do?

Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body.

What is the function of the Tricuspid valve?

Prevents backflow into the right atrium.

What is the function of the Pulmonary valve?

Prevents backflow into the right ventricle.

What is the function of the Mitral (bicuspid) valve?

Prevents backflow into the left atrium.

What is the function of the Aortic valve?

Prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

What is the function of the Sinoatrial (SA) node?

Acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker, generating electrical impulses that initiate heartbeat and regulate heart’s rhythm.

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body (except pulmonary arteries).

Small branches of the arteries that regulate blood flow into the capillaries via constriction/dilation.

What are Capillaries?

Tiny vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs between blood and tissues.

Small blood vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries and transport it to veins.

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary veins).

What is the Pulmonary Circuit?

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

What is the Systemic Circuit?

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

How many chambers do reptiles typically have?

Mostly 3 chambers (2 atria and 1 partially divided ventricle, except crocodilians with 4 chambers).

How many chambers do fish typically have?

Two chambers (1 atrium and 1 ventricle).

Animal Integumentary and Circulatory Systems Flashcards

Student preview

33 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Sclerotization?

Back

Hardening of the arthropod cuticle by protein cross-linking.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Calcification?

Back

Deposition of calcium salts in tissues for hardness.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Ecdysis?

Back

Shedding of the outer skin or exoskeleton.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Keratinization?

Back

Formation of a tough, protective layer of keratin in the skin.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the Hypodermis?

Back

The deepest layer, made up of fat and connective tissue for insulation and cushioning.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the Dermis?

Back

Middle layer, contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and connective tissue.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the Cuticle?

Back

Thin outermost layer of the dead cells in the epidermis (mostly in hair or skin surface).

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