Understanding Stress: Concepts and Responses

Front

Who defined stress as 'the nonspecific response of the body to any demand'?

Back

Hans Selye

Front

What does primary appraisal refer to?

Back

The perception of a new or changing environment as positive, neutral, or negative in its consequences.

Front

What are the three types of negative appraisals in primary appraisal?

Back

Harm, Threat, Challenge.

Front

What is harm in the context of stress appraisal?

Back

The assessment of the damage that has already been done by an event.

Front

What is threat in the context of stress appraisal?

Back

The assessment of possible future damage that may be brought about by the event.

Front

What are challenge appraisals associated with?

Back

More confident expectations of the ability to cope with the stressful event.

Front

What does secondary appraisal assess?

Back

One's coping abilities and resources to meet the harm, threat, or challenge of the event.

Front

What factors can influence the perception of stress?

Back

Past experiences, perceived control over the situation, and self-confidence.

Front

What are the two pathways initiated by the hypothalamus during stress?

Back

The autonomic nervous system pathway and the pituitary gland pathway.

Front

What hormones are released by the adrenal gland during stress?

Back

Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).