Unit # 7 - Effects of Reconstruction

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Booker T. Washington

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Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book 'Up from Slavery.'

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W.E.B. DuBois

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Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a 'Talented Tenth'. Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

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Disenfranchisement

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Condition of being deprived of the right to vote.

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Literacy Test

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A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote.

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Poll Tax

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A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote.

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Grandfather Clause

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A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.

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Jim Crow Laws

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Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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A 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.