What are the ways in which energy can be stored?

Energy can be stored as chemical energy, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, and thermal energy.

In a torch, the torch’s battery pushes a current through the bulb. This makes the torch bulb emit light, and also get hot. What type of energy transfer is happening here?

Energy is transferred from chemical energy in the battery to electrical energy, then to light and thermal energy in the bulb.

The changes to energy stores when a ball falls in air are:

Gravitational potential energy decreases and kinetic energy increases, with some energy transferred to the surroundings as heat and sound.

The changes to energy stores that take place when an electric heater is switched on are:

Electrical energy is transferred to thermal energy in the heater.

Which two objects could you use to light a room during a power cut, and what are the energy transfers involved?

A torch (chemical to light energy) and a candle (chemical to light energy)

Changes in energy stores of an electric train moving up a hill at constant speed.

Kinetic energy remains constant, gravitational potential energy increases, and energy is transferred from the electric store to the gravitational store.

As an electric train approaches a station and brakes to a halt, what happens to its energy stores?

Kinetic energy decreases and is converted mainly to heat energy due to braking.

The changes in energy stores when food is heated in a microwave oven.

Microwaves transfer energy to the food, increasing its thermal energy store.

Describe the changes to energy stores in the bob when it goes from one side at maximum height to the other side at maximum height.

As the pendulum swings down and towards the centre, its gravitational potential energy store decreases as its kinetic energy store increases. As the pendulum moves upwards and away from the centre, its gravitational potential energy store increases as its kinetic energy store decreases.

Why is it difficult to mark the exact height the pendulum bob rises to?

The pendulum moves quickly and the highest point is hard to judge accurately.

When a roller coaster gets to the bottom of a descent, describe the energy transfers and changes to energy stores that happen if the brakes are applied to stop it.

The kinetic energy of the roller coaster is transferred to the thermal energy store of the brakes and the surroundings due to friction, causing the roller coaster to stop.

When a roller coaster gets to the bottom of a descent, describe the energy transfers and changes to energy stores that happen if it goes up and over a second hill.

The kinetic energy of the roller coaster is transferred to gravitational potential energy as it goes up the second hill, and some energy is also transferred to the thermal energy store of the surroundings due to friction.

Energy transfers and changes to the energy stores of a ball from release to the top of its bounce.

As the ball is released, its gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy as it falls. When it hits the trampoline, the kinetic energy is transferred to the elastic potential energy store of the trampoline. As the trampoline recoils, the elastic potential energy is transferred back to the ball as kinetic energy, and then to gravitational potential energy as the ball rises. Some energy is transferred to the thermal energy store of the surroundings due to heating and sound.

Energy stores of the ball at the point of release vs. top of its bounce.

At the point of release, the ball has maximum gravitational potential energy and no kinetic energy. At the top of its bounce, the ball again has maximum gravitational potential energy and minimal kinetic energy, but slightly less than at the point of release due to energy lost to the surroundings.

How to test which of three trampolines is the bounciest?

Drop a ball from the same height onto each trampoline and measure the height to which the ball bounces back. The trampoline that allows the ball to bounce the highest is the bounciest, as it returns the most energy to the ball.

Explain the changes to the energy stores that take place in a fairground ride as you move upwards.

As the capsule is launched, the elastic potential energy stored in the stretched rubber bands is transferred to the kinetic energy of the capsule. As the capsule rises, the kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy.

State what happens to the energy transferred: (a) by a rower rowing a boat. (b) by an electric motor used to raise a car park barrier.

(a) The energy is transferred to the water, mainly as thermal energy due to friction. (b) The energy is transferred to the barrier, mainly as gravitational potential energy as it is raised.

Explain why the brake pads become warm when a car is brought to a standstill when the driver applies the brakes.

Friction between the brake pads and the wheel discs causes energy to be transferred from the kinetic energy store of the car to the thermal energy store of the brake pads, making them warm.

Calculate the work done when: (a) a force of 20 N makes an object move 4.8 m in the direction of the force. (b) an object of weight 80 N is raised through a height of 1.2 m.

(a) Work done = 20 N × 4.8 m = 96 J. (b) Work done = 80 N × 1.2 m = 96 J.

Describe the energy transfers and changes to energy stores as the box moves when a student pushes a box at a steady speed a distance of 12 m across a level floor.

The work done by the student is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the box, the floor, and the surroundings due to friction.

What happens to the gravitational potential energy stores of an object when it moves up or down?

When an object moves up, its gravitational potential energy store increases. When it moves down, its gravitational potential energy store decreases.

Why is it easier to lift an object on the Moon than on the Earth?

It is easier to lift an object on the Moon than on the Earth because the gravitational field strength on the Moon is less than on the Earth.

What is the formula for calculating the change in an object's gravitational potential energy store?

Change in gravitational potential energy store = weight (N) × change of height (m)

Energy and energy resources part i Flashcards

Student preview

50 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Energy is stored and transferred in which of the following ways?

Back

Energy is stored in objects and transferred by heating, waves, or electrical currents.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The energy needed to heat an object can be calculated using which of the following formulas?

Back

Energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Thermal conductivity

Back

the property of a material to conduct heat

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Factors for comparing renewable energy resources?

Back

Efficiency, cost, and environmental impact

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Energy is a quantity that can be ______ and calculated.

Back

measured

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Fill in the blank: The total energy before and after a change has the same ______.

Back

value

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Energy transfers can be compared in terms of ______.

Back

usefulness

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