Climatology Revision Notes

Front

What are mid-latitude cyclones?

Back

Mid-latitude cyclones are low pressure cells that have warm and cold fronts attached to them.

Front

Where do mid-latitude cyclones occur?

Back

They are found between 40° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres, within the Westerly Wind Belt.

Front

What is the life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone?

Back

1. Initial or Formative Stage: Originates at the polar front. 2. Mature Stage: Low pressure forms and fronts develop. 3. Occluded Stage: Cold front catches up to warm front.

Front

What weather is associated with mid-latitude cyclones?

Back

Warm fronts bring warm air and gentle rain; cold fronts bring cold air, heavy rain, and storms.

Front

What is a tropical cyclone?

Back

Tropical cyclones are intense low-pressure cells that form over warm tropical oceans and cause severe weather.

Front

What are the stages of development of tropical cyclones?

Back

1. Formative Stage: Low pressure develops. 2. Immature Stage: Pressure drops, an eye develops. 3. Mature Stage: Lowest pressure, storm surge occurs. 4. Dissipating Stage: Pressure increases, storm weakens.

Front

What are anticyclones?

Back

Anticyclones are high pressure cells caused by descending air.

Front

What is the impact of mid-latitude cyclones on the environment and people?

Back

They can cause winter rainfall, strong winds, property damage, and disrupt communication.

Front

What are valley climates?

Back

Valley climates are local, small-scale variations in weather that occur in valleys.

Front

What is the urban heat island effect?

Back

The urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon where urban areas are warmer than surrounding rural areas due to human activities and infrastructure.