Form of Power Sharing

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What is the definition of Horizontal Distribution of Power?

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Power shared among different organs of government at the same level (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary). Example: India (Parliament, Cabinet, Supreme Court).

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What is the purpose/benefit of Horizontal Distribution of Power?

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Prevents concentration of power and ensures checks and balances.

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What is the definition of Vertical Division of Power (Federalism)?

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Power shared among governments at different levels (Union/Central Government, State Governments, Local Governments). Examples: India (Union–State–Panchayat), Belgium, USA.

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What is the purpose/benefit of Vertical Division of Power (Federalism)?

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Allows local autonomy and brings governance closer to the people.

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What is the definition of Power Sharing among Social Groups?

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Power shared among different religious, linguistic, or ethnic groups (Majority and minority communities, SC/STs, OBCs, women, language groups). Examples: Belgium (Community Government), India (Reservation in legislature & jobs).

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What is the purpose/benefit of Power Sharing among Social Groups?

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Gives minorities a fair share and reduces social conflict.

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What is the definition of Power Sharing among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements?

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Power shared among various parties, interest groups, and social movements (Ruling and opposition parties, Pressure groups like farmers’ unions). Example: India (Coalition governments, FICCI, trade unions).

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What is the purpose/benefit of Power Sharing among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements?

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Encourages political competition and reflects popular participation.