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Advertising

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Paid, non-personal communication used to promote ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. (Examples: TV commercials, magazine ads, online banner ads).

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Public Relations (PR)

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Building good relations with the company's various publics by obtaining favorable publicity, building a good corporate image, and handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories, and events. (Examples: Press releases, sponsorships, community events).

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Sales Promotion

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Short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. (Examples: Discounts, coupons, contests, samples, loyalty programs).

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Personal Selling

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Personal presentation by the firm’s sales force for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships. (Examples: Face-to-face sales meetings, telemarketing calls, in-store sales assistance).

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Direct Marketing

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Engaging directly with carefully targeted individual consumers and customer communities to both obtain an immediate response and build lasting customer relationships. (Examples: Email marketing, direct mail, catalog marketing, telemarketing).