Unit 1 and 2

Front

What are the causes of Hyponatremia?

Back

GI suctioning, vomiting, thiazide diuretics, excessive ADH, burns

Front

What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of Hyponatremia?

Back

Malaise, weakness, weight gain, edema, nausea and vomiting, headache, confusion, increases sodium

Front

What are the causes of Hypernatremia?

Back

Hypertonic enteral feeding, Overuse of salt tablets, Diabetes Insipidus, Tube feeding

Front

What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of Hypernatremia?

Back

Thirst, Oliguria, Central nervous dysfunction, Confusion, Lethargy, Seizures, Coma

Front

What are the causes of Hypokalemia?

Back

K+ loss through abnormal routes, K+ wasting diuretics, affects the membrane potential of a cell which results in skeletal muscle weakness

Front

What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of Hypokalemia?

Back

Paralytic ileus, Decreased bowel sounds, Postural hypotension, Skeletal muscle weakness & muscle paralysis, Cardiac dysrhythmias, ectopic beats, weak & irregular pulse, Polyuria

Front

What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of Hyperkalemia?

Back

Mild intestinal cramping, Skeletal muscle weakness, Flaccid paralysis, Cardiac dysrhythmia – Elevated T wave on ECG, Cardiac arrest

Front

What are the causes of Hypercalcemia?

Back

Diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide), Hyperparathyroidism

Front

What are the causes of Hypocalcemia?

Back

Chronic kidney disease, Blood product transfusion, Hypoparathyroidism (PTH), Pancreatitis

Front

What are the signs and symptoms (S/S) of Hypocalcemia?

Back

Hyperactive reflexes, Paresthesia, Muscle cramps, Tingling of the extremities