Biology: Cell Structure and Function

Front

What is a cell?

Back

A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.

Front

Who first observed cells and in what year?

Back

Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665.

Front

What are the general characteristics of cells?

Back

1) Surrounded by a plasma membrane, 2) Composed of protoplasm (cytoplasm and nucleus), 3) Contains chromosomes, 4) Has ribosomes.

Front

What are the two types of microscopes used to study cells?

Back

1) Light Microscope (LM) - magnifies up to 2000 times, 2) Electron Microscope - includes Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), both magnifying up to 500,000 times.

Front

What are the main parts of a cell?

Back

1) Nucleus, 2) Cytoplasm, 3) Cell membrane, 4) Cell wall (only in plant cells).

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What is the function of the nucleus?

Back

The nucleus controls cell metabolism, stores genetic information in the form of DNA, and regulates gene expression.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What are lysosomes and their function?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules.