Genetic Technologies

Front

Artificial Selection Noun

---

[ar-tuh-fish-uhl suh-lek-shn]

Back

Artificial Selection

---

The process where humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation.

---

Example: Humans use tools to transfer pollen between flowers, selecting traits for the next generation of plants.

Front

Clone Noun

---

[klohn]

Back

Clone

---

An organism that has the exact same genes as the organism from which it was produced.

---

Example: A hydra produces a genetically identical clone through budding, showing the cloning process.

Front

Chromosome Noun

---

[kroh-muh-sohm]

Back

Chromosome

---

A structure within a cell's nucleus that contains the genetic information for an organism.

---

Example: The image shows a chromosome inside a cell nucleus, highlighting its structure and parts like centromere and telomere.

Front

CRISPR Noun

---

[kris-per]

Back

CRISPR

---

A gene-editing tool that uses a guide RNA and an enzyme to cut out and replace specific DNA sequences.

---

Example: The image shows how CRISPR uses guide RNA and Cas9 enzyme to cut and edit DNA sequences.

Front

DNA Noun

---

[dee-en-ey]

Back

DNA

---

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that carries the complete set of genetic information for an organism.

---

Example: The image shows the DNA double helix with labeled base pairs and backbone, explaining how DNA carries genetic information.

Front

DNA Fingerprinting Noun

---

[dee-en-ey fing-ger-print-ing]

Back

DNA Fingerprinting

---

A technique that creates a unique pattern from an individual's DNA fragments, used for identification purposes.

---

Example: Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size, creating a unique pattern for identification.

Front

DNA Screening Noun

---

[dee-en-ey skreen-ing]

Back

DNA Screening

---

A medical test that analyzes DNA samples to detect mutated genes linked to genetic disorders.

---

Example: The image shows steps in DNA screening, including selecting a target population and testing samples.

Front

DNA Sequencing Noun

---

[dee-en-ey see-kwen-sing]

Back

DNA Sequencing

---

The process of determining the exact order of nitrogen bases in an organism's DNA.

---

Example: The image shows DNA base pairs, explaining how DNA sequencing determines the order of bases.

Front

Enzyme Noun

---

[en-zahym]

Back

Enzyme

---

A type of protein that can speed up chemical reactions, such as cutting DNA at specific locations.

---

Example: An enzyme binds to substrates at its active site, forming a complex and releasing a product.

Front

Gene Noun

---

[jeen]

Back

Gene

---

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait or protein.

---

Example: A gene is shown as a segment of DNA within a chromosome, highlighting its role in coding for traits.