Inheritance

Front

Heredity Noun

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[huh-RED-i-tee]

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Heredity

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The passing of genetic traits and characteristics from parents to their offspring through genes.

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Example: The image shows how traits are passed from parent pea plants to offspring through pollination and seed formation.

Front

Trait Noun

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[trayt]

Back

Trait

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A specific characteristic of an organism, such as eye color or height, which is determined by genes.

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Example: This image shows different eye colors, demonstrating how traits like eye color are determined by genes.

Front

Phenotype Noun

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[FEE-nuh-tipe]

Back

Phenotype

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An organism's observable physical characteristics or traits, such as its appearance, development, and behavior.

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Example: Shows how different genotypes result in different wing types in fruit flies, illustrating phenotype.

Front

Genetics Noun

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[juh-NEH-tiks]

Back

Genetics

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The scientific study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes.

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Example: The image shows how genes are located on chromosomes within a cell, explaining how traits are inherited.

Front

True-breeding Adjective

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[troo-BREE-ding]

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True-breeding

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Describes an organism that consistently produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent.

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Example: The image shows how true-breeding plants produce offspring with the same flower color through controlled pollination.

Front

Cross-pollination Noun

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[kros-pol-uh-NAY-shun]

Back

Cross-pollination

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The transfer of pollen from the flower of one plant to the flower of another plant.

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Example: A bee moves pollen from one flower to another, showing cross-pollination.

Front

Hybrid Noun

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[HY-brid]

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Hybrid

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The offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms with different forms of the same trait.

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Example: Cross-pollination between two different colored flowers creates hybrid offspring.

Front

Dominant Trait Noun

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[DOM-uh-nunt trayt]

Back

Dominant Trait

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A genetic trait that is expressed in an organism that has at least one copy of that gene's allele.

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Example: A Punnett square shows brown eyes as a dominant trait when one or both alleles are dominant.

Front

Recessive Trait Noun

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[rih-SEH-siv trayt]

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Recessive Trait

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A genetic trait that is expressed only when an organism has two copies of the gene's allele.

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Example: The image shows that a recessive trait (aa) is expressed only when both alleles are recessive.

Front

Chromosome Noun

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[KROH-muh-sohm]

Back

Chromosome

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A threadlike structure in a cell's nucleus that carries the genetic information in the form of genes.

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Example: A chromosome inside a cell's nucleus shows DNA and key parts like centromere.