What is the function of lysosomes?

They contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules.

What is the cell cycle?

A series of events that occur in a eukaryotic cell leading to its division and duplication.

What are the four main phases of the cell cycle?

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase.

What is the process of mitosis?

The process by which the nucleus divides into two identical daughter nuclei.

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.

What are specialized cells?

Cells that have developed unique structures and functions to carry out specific tasks.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

What is cellular respiration?

The process by which cells break down organic molecules to generate energy in the form of ATP.

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration.

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies proteins and lipids from the ER and sorts them into vesicles.

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Provides structural support and helps the cell maintain its shape.

What is the difference between totipotent and pluripotent cells?

Totipotent cells can give rise to all cell types, while pluripotent cells can differentiate into almost all cell types but not extraembryonic tissues.

What is the role of the pancreas in glucose regulation?

It releases insulin when blood sugar levels rise.

What is the function of osteoclasts?

They break down and remodel bone tissue.

What is the process of differentiation?

The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized and acquire distinct structures and functions.

What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

They monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the major events of the cell cycle.

What is phagocytosis?

The process by which a cell engulfs large particles or other cells.

What is the function of chlorophyll?

Carries out photosynthesis by absorbing light energy.

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as detoxification.

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Involved in synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling ribosomes.

What is the role of flagella?

Used for locomotion in prokaryotic cells.

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Provides support and protection to the cell.

What is the role of the large vacuoles in plant cells?

Store water, nutrients, and waste products.

What is the significance of the G1 phase?

Cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis.

What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

They separate sister chromatids during cell division.

What is the role of peroxisomes?

Contain enzymes involved in breaking down fatty acids and other metabolic processes.

What is the function of centrioles?

Organize microtubules and help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles.

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in cellular transport?

Sorts proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport.

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains enzymes, ribosomes, and other molecular compounds.

What is the role of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

It is the region where the genetic material (DNA) is located.

What is the significance of the M phase?

It is the phase where cell division occurs.

What is the role of the ribosomes in protein synthesis?

They translate mRNA into proteins.

What is the function of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

Maintains turgor pressure and stores nutrients and waste products.

What is the role of the cell cycle in cellular function?

It regulates cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

It increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

It generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Cellular Biology - NMAT 2025 Flashcards

Student preview

151 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the basic unit of a living body?

Back

Cell

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Back

DNA, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the resolution and maximum magnification of a light microscope?

Back

Resolution: 200 nm, Magnification: Max 1000x

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What type of microscope uses a beam of electrons?

Back

Electron Microscope

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the difference between SEM and TEM?

Back

SEM provides 3-Dimensional topography of dead specimens, while TEM provides 2-Dimensional internal structures of dead specimens.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are prokaryotes?

Back

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

It encloses the cell and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

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