Matter's Properties and Changes

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Physical Property Noun

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[fiz-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Physical Property

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A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.

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Example: Gold bars shine, showing luster, a physical property.

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Mass Noun

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[mas]

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Mass

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The measure of the amount of matter contained within a physical body, typically measured in grams or kilograms.

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Example: A balance scale shows a rock weighing more than a feather, illustrating mass.

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Weight Noun

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[wayt]

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Weight

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The measure of the force of gravity acting on an object's mass, which can change depending on location.

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Example: An apple falling from a tree shows gravity acting on its mass, demonstrating weight.

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Volume Noun

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[vol-yoom]

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Volume

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The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance or object occupies, often measured in liters or cubic centimeters.

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Example: A rectangular prism with labeled dimensions shows how to calculate volume using length × width × height.

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Displacement Method Noun

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[dis-pleys-muhnt meth-uhd]

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Displacement Method

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A technique for measuring the volume of an object by observing the volume of fluid it displaces when submerged.

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Example: The image shows how objects submerged in water displace a volume of liquid, illustrating the displacement method.

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Density Noun

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[den-si-tee]

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Density

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The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given unit of volume, calculated as mass divided by volume.

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Example: Objects with different densities float or sink in water, showing how density is mass per volume.

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Chemical Property Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Chemical Property

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A characteristic of a substance that becomes evident during a chemical reaction, describing its potential to change composition.

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Example: Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid, forming gas bubbles, showing a chemical property.

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Flammability Noun

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[flam-uh-bil-i-tee]

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Flammability

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The chemical property describing how easily a substance will ignite and burn when exposed to heat or flame.

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Example: The image shows how fuel, oxygen, and heat combine to cause combustion, illustrating flammability.

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Oxidation Noun

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[ok-si-dey-shuhn]

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Oxidation

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A chemical process where a substance loses electrons when it reacts with another substance, such as oxygen.

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Example: The image shows how an oxygen atom gains electrons from another atom, illustrating oxidation.

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Reactivity Noun

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[ree-ak-tiv-i-tee]

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Reactivity

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The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials.

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Example: Reactivity is shown by hydrogen and oxygen reacting to form water.