Earth Materials

Front

Geosphere Noun

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[jee-oh-sfeer]

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Geosphere

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The rocky part of the Earth, which includes the solid crust, the molten mantle, and the dense metallic core.

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Example: The diagram shows Earth's layers: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, explaining the geosphere.

Front

Atmosphere Noun

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[at-muh-sfeer]

Back

Atmosphere

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The envelope of gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen, that surrounds the Earth or another planet.

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Example: The image shows Earth's atmosphere layers, each labeled with altitude and temperature, explaining the gaseous envelope around Earth.

Front

Hydrosphere Noun

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[hy-droh-sfeer]

Back

Hydrosphere

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All the water and ice on the Earth's surface, such as oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers.

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Example: The image shows the hydrosphere with oceans, rivers, and clouds, illustrating the water cycle.

Front

Biosphere Noun

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[by-oh-sfeer]

Back

Biosphere

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The regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth that are occupied by living organisms.

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Example: The image shows the biosphere as a cube with atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, highlighting where life exists.

Front

Igneous Rock Noun

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[ig-nee-uhs rok]

Back

Igneous Rock

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A type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of molten rock material like magma or lava.

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Example: Magma beneath the Earth's surface cools and solidifies to form igneous rock.

Front

Sedimentary Rock Noun

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[sed-uh-men-tuh-ree rok]

Back

Sedimentary Rock

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A type of rock formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of organic or mineral sediments.

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Example: Layers of sediments accumulate and compact over time to form sedimentary rock.

Front

Metamorphic Rock Noun

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[met-uh-mawr-fik rok]

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Metamorphic Rock

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A type of rock that has been fundamentally changed from its original form by extreme heat and pressure.

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Example: Heat and pressure transform a rock into a metamorphic rock.

Front

Rock Cycle Noun

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[rok sy-kuhl]

Back

Rock Cycle

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The series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.

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Example: The image shows how rocks change types through processes like heating, cooling, and erosion in the rock cycle.

Front

Magma Noun

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[mag-muh]

Back

Magma

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Hot, molten rock material consisting of minerals and dissolved gases that is found beneath the Earth's surface.

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Example: A cross-section of the Earth showing magma beneath the surface, illustrating how molten rock material is found underground.

Front

Lava Noun

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[lah-vuh]

Back

Lava

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Molten rock, or magma, that has been expelled from the interior of a planet during an eruption.

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Example: Lava flows from a volcano, showing molten rock expelled during an eruption.