MS-ESS1-1: Earth, Sun, Moon Cycles

Front

Rotation Noun

---

[roh-tey-shuhn]

Back

Rotation

---

The spinning of a celestial body, like Earth, on an imaginary axle called an axis, which causes day and night.

---

Example: Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night.

Front

Axis Noun

---

[ak-sis]

Back

Axis

---

An imaginary line passing through the North and South Poles on which a celestial body, like Earth, spins.

---

Example: The image shows Earth with a line through the poles, representing the axis it spins on.

Front

Revolution Noun

---

[rev-uh-loo-shuhn]

Back

Revolution

---

The movement of one object traveling in a path, or orbit, around another object, like Earth moving around the Sun.

---

Example: Earth revolves around the Sun, showing its orbit and axial tilt.

Front

Orbit Noun

---

[awr-bit]

Back

Orbit

---

The curved path, usually oval-shaped, that a celestial body takes as it revolves around another body in space.

---

Example: Earth's orbit around the Sun is shown as an oval path with distances labeled.

Front

Tilt Noun

---

[tilt]

Back

Tilt

---

The 23.5° angle of Earth's axis relative to its orbital plane, which is the primary cause of the seasons.

---

Example: The diagram shows Earth's axis is not straight up and down but is tilted at an angle of 23.4 degrees relative to its orbital plane.

Front

Solar Angle Noun

---

[soh-ler ang-guhl]

Back

Solar Angle

---

The angle at which sunlight strikes Earth's surface, affecting the concentration and amount of solar energy received.

---

Example: Sunlight hitting Earth at different angles affects energy concentration.

Front

Solstice Noun

---

[sol-stis]

Back

Solstice

---

A day when an Earth pole has its maximum tilt toward or away from the Sun, causing the longest or shortest day.

---

Example: This diagram shows a solstice, where the Earth's tilted axis causes one hemisphere (the Southern) to be angled most directly toward the sun.

Front

Summer Solstice Noun

---

[suhm-er sol-stis]

Back

Summer Solstice

---

The day a hemisphere's pole is tilted most directly toward the Sun, resulting in the year's longest period of daylight.

---

Example: This diagram shows the summer solstice, where the Earth's Northern Hemisphere is tilted most directly toward the sun, receiving more direct rays and causing summer.

Front

Winter Solstice Noun

---

[win-ter sol-stis]

Back

Winter Solstice

---

The day a hemisphere's pole is tilted most directly away from the Sun, resulting in the year's shortest period of daylight.

---

Example: Earth's tilt away from the Sun during the Winter Solstice causes shorter daylight.

Front

Equinox Noun

---

[ee-kwuh-noks]

Back

Equinox

---

A day when Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the Sun, resulting in nearly equal daylight and darkness.

---

Example: Earth's axis is not tilted toward or away from the Sun, creating equal day and night.

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