MS-LS4-5: Genetic Engineering

Front

Inheritance Noun

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[in-her-i-tans]

Back

Inheritance

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The process by which genetic information and traits are passed on from parents to their offspring through genes.

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Example: Cross-pollination in pea plants shows how traits are inherited from parent plants to offspring.

Front

Genetics Noun

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[juh-net-iks]

Back

Genetics

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The scientific study of genes, how traits are inherited, and the variation of traits among living organisms.

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Example: DNA base pairs show how genetic information is structured in genes.

Front

Artificial Selection Noun

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[ar-tuh-fish-uhl suh-lek-shn]

Back

Artificial Selection

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The process where humans intentionally breed plants or animals to select for and promote specific desirable traits.

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Example: The image shows how humans select and breed plants with desired traits using tools.

Front

Pollination Noun

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[pol-uh-ney-shn]

Back

Pollination

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The transfer of pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part, enabling fertilization and reproduction.

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Example: A bee carries pollen from one flower to another, showing how pollination helps plants reproduce.

Front

Genetic Engineering Noun

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[juh-net-ik en-juh-neer-ing]

Back

Genetic Engineering

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The technology used to directly change an organism's DNA, often by moving genes from one organism to another.

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Example: The image shows how DNA is organized in a cell, which is crucial for understanding genetic engineering.

Front

Gene Noun

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[jeen]

Back

Gene

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A basic unit of heredity that is passed from parent to offspring and determines a specific characteristic or trait.

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Example: A gene is a segment of DNA located in a chromosome that determines traits.

Front

Genome Noun

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[jee-nohm]

Back

Genome

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The complete set of all the genetic material, including all genes, present in a cell or organism.

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Example: The image shows how a genome includes all genetic material in a cell, from chromosomes to DNA.

Front

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Noun

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[juh-net-ik-lee mod-uh-fahyd awr-guh-niz-uhm]

Back

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

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An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, often to improve food crops.

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Example: Scientists modify DNA to improve crops, showing how GMOs are created.

Front

Transgenic Organism Noun

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[tranz-jen-ik awr-guh-niz-uhm]

Back

Transgenic Organism

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An organism that contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted into its genome from another species.

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Example: This diagram shows how foreign DNA is injected into a fertilized mouse egg, which then develops into a transgenic mouse with altered genetic traits.

Front

Gene Therapy Noun

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[jeen ther-uh-pee]

Back

Gene Therapy

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An experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease, often by inserting a healthy gene into cells.

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Example: Scientists are shown working with DNA, representing how gene therapy involves inserting healthy genes into cells.

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