MS-ESS2-2: Changes in Earth's Surface

Front

Weathering Noun

---

[weth-er-ing]

Back

Weathering

---

The natural process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface into smaller pieces.

---

Example: Water in a river erodes the land, breaking rocks into smaller pieces over time.

Front

Erosion Noun

---

[ee-roh-zhun]

Back

Erosion

---

The process by which natural forces transport weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

---

Example: Wind moves sand and dust, showing how erosion transports particles.

Front

Sediment Noun

---

[sed-uh-muhnt]

Back

Sediment

---

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things and are moved by erosion.

---

Example: The image shows layers of sediment deposited over time, illustrating how small pieces of rock and organic material settle in layers.

Front

Physical Weathering Noun

---

[fiz-i-kuhl weth-er-ing]

Back

Physical Weathering

---

The mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

---

Example: A river eroding a riverbank shows physical weathering as rocks break down mechanically.

Front

Abrasion Noun

---

[uh-brey-zhuhn]

Back

Abrasion

---

The process of rocks being scraped or worn away by friction with other rocks, sand, or particles.

---

Example: A moving glacier carries pieces of rock that scrape and wear away the bedrock underneath, showing how abrasion works on a large scale.

Front

Ice Wedging Noun

---

[ays wej-ing]

Back

Ice Wedging

---

A process where water seeps into rock cracks, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart.

---

Example: Water enters rock cracks, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock apart.

Front

Talus Noun

---

[tal-uhs]

Back

Talus

---

A sloping mass of rock fragments and debris that accumulates at the base of a cliff or mountain.

---

Example: A sloping pile of rocks at a mountain's base shows how talus forms from falling debris.

Front

Chemical Weathering Noun

---

[kem-i-kuhl weth-er-ing]

Back

Chemical Weathering

---

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes, such as dissolving minerals with acid.

---

Example: Rocks with holes and grooves show how chemical weathering dissolves minerals over time.

Front

Carbonic Acid Noun

---

[kar-bon-ik as-id]

Back

Carbonic Acid

---

A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, contributing to the chemical weathering of certain rocks.

---

Example: Carbonic acid forms when water and carbon dioxide combine, shown by molecular diagrams.

Front

Karst Topography Noun

---

[karst tuh-pog-ruh-fee]

Back

Karst Topography

---

A landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage.

---

Example: The image shows a cave with stalactites and stalagmites, illustrating karst topography formed by rock dissolution.

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