MS-PS3-1: Kinetic Energy Relationships

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Energy Noun

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[en-er-jee]

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Energy

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The ability to do work or cause change, existing in various forms like heat, light, sound, and motion.

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Example: A battery powers a light bulb, showing electrical energy turning into light.

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Potential Energy Noun

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[po-ten-shal en-er-jee]

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Potential Energy

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The stored energy an object has due to its position, composition, or physical state, ready to be used.

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Example: A boulder at the top of a hill has potential energy due to its elevated position.

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Kinetic Energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

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Kinetic Energy

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The form of energy that an object possesses due to its motion, increasing with the object's speed and mass.

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Example: A ball rolling down a slope shows kinetic energy increasing as it moves.

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Chemical Energy Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl en-er-jee]

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Chemical Energy

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A form of potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules, released during a chemical reaction.

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Example: Mixing iron and hydrochloric acid releases chemical energy, shown by gas bubbles.

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Thermal Energy Noun

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[thur-muhl en-er-jee]

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Thermal Energy

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The internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules, often perceived as heat.

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Example: Particles in a hot area move faster, transferring thermal energy to a cooler area.

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Mass Noun

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[mas]

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Mass

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A measure of the amount of matter contained within a physical body, which influences its inertia and gravitational attraction.

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Example: A balance scale shows a rock and a feather, demonstrating that the rock has more mass.

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Gravity Noun

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[grav-i-tee]

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Gravity

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The natural force of attraction that pulls together all objects with mass or energy, keeping planets in orbit.

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Example: The image shows how gravity keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth, illustrating the natural force of attraction.

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Force Noun

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[fors]

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Force

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A push or pull upon an object resulting from its interaction with another object, causing changes in its motion.

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Example: A person pushing a box shows how force can move an object.

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Acceleration Noun

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[ak-sel-uh-rey-shuhn]

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Acceleration

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The rate of change of velocity per unit of time, describing how an object's speed or direction is changing.

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Example: A spring compresses and releases a ball, showing acceleration as the ball speeds up.

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Speed Noun

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[speed]

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Speed

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The rate at which an object is moving, measured as the distance traveled over a specific period of time.

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Example: A car travels a certain distance over time, illustrating speed as distance divided by time.