MS-LS1-3: Body Systems and Functions

Front

Circulatory system Noun

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[sur-kyuh-luh-tawr-ee sis-tuhm]

Back

Circulatory system

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The system that transports water, nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to cells and carries waste products away from them.

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Example: The diagram shows how blood circulates through the heart and body, highlighting pressure differences.

Front

Plasma Noun

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[plaz-muh]

Back

Plasma

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The fluid component of blood, mostly made of water, in which blood cells are suspended and transported throughout the body.

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Example: Plasma is the fluid in blood vessels that carries blood cells throughout the body.

Front

Platelets Noun

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[pleyt-lits]

Back

Platelets

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A type of blood cell produced in bone marrow that is essential for the process of blood clotting.

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Example: The diagram shows the structure of a platelet, highlighting its components like mitochondria and granules, which are important for blood clotting.

Front

Bone marrow Noun

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[bohn mar-oh]

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Bone marrow

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The soft, spongy material inside long bones that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets for the body.

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Example: The image shows bone marrow inside a bone, highlighting red and yellow marrow, which produce blood cells.

Front

Arteries Noun

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[ahr-tuh-reez]

Back

Arteries

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Thick, muscular blood vessels that are responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrient-rich blood away from the heart.

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Example: This diagram shows how arteries branch from the heart to carry blood throughout the body.

Front

Veins Noun

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[veynz]

Back

Veins

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Blood vessels that carry waste materials and deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back toward the heart.

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Example: Veins (in blue) carry blood back to the heart, showing their role in circulation.

Front

Capillaries Noun

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[kap-uh-ler-eez]

Back

Capillaries

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Extremely thin blood vessels where the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products occurs between blood and cells.

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Example: Capillaries in the alveoli allow oxygen to enter blood and carbon dioxide to exit, shown with arrows and labels.

Front

Hemoglobin Noun

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[hee-muh-gloh-bin]

Back

Hemoglobin

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An iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that captures and transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.

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Example: This diagram shows hemoglobin's structure with labeled parts, explaining how it carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Front

Peristalsis Noun

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[per-uh-stawl-sis]

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Peristalsis

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The wave-like contraction of smooth muscle tissue that pushes food through the digestive system, such as in the esophagus.

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Example: The image shows how food is pushed down the esophagus by wave-like muscle contractions.

Front

Enzymes Noun

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[en-zahymz]

Back

Enzymes

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Chemicals that help break down food and speed up chemical reactions in the body, often produced by glands.

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Example: Enzymes break down starch into glucose during digestion.