Movement of Rock Formations

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Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

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Matter

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Anything that has mass and takes up space, referring to physical materials like rock and sediment in Earth science.

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Example: The image shows how matter exists as solid, liquid, and gas, illustrating particle arrangement in each state.

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Energy Noun

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[en-er-jee]

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Energy

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The ability to cause change, which drives processes like the rock cycle through solar and geothermal sources.

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Example: Solar energy from the sun travels to Earth, showing energy transfer.

Front

Magma Noun

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[mag-muh]

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Magma

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Hot, molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface that forms igneous rock when it cools and solidifies.

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Example: Magma is shown beneath Earth's layers, demonstrating how it forms igneous rock when cooled.

Front

Sediment Noun

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[sed-uh-muhnt]

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Sediment

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Small, solid pieces of material from rocks or living things, which are moved by natural forces like wind or water.

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Example: Layers of sediment formed by water show how small rock pieces settle and build up over time.

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Weathering Noun

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[weth-er-ing]

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Weathering

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The natural process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface into smaller pieces called sediment.

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Example: A river eroding land, showing how water breaks down rock into sediment.

Front

Erosion Noun

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[ih-roh-zhuhn]

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Erosion

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The process by which natural forces like wind, water, or ice move weathered rock and soil to a new location.

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Example: Wind moves sand and dust, showing how erosion transports particles.

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Compaction Noun

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[kuhm-pak-shuhn]

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Compaction

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The process that presses sediments tightly together, reducing the space between the individual particles to help form sedimentary rock.

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Example: Sediments are shown being pressed together to form layers, demonstrating compaction in sedimentary rock formation.

Front

Cementation Noun

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[see-men-tay-shuhn]

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Cementation

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The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and act as a natural glue for particles of sediment, forming rock.

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Example: Sediment particles are shown being glued together by minerals, forming rock layers.

Front

Sedimentary Rock Noun

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[sed-uh-men-tuh-ree rok]

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Sedimentary Rock

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A type of rock formed when particles from other rocks or organic remains are pressed and cemented together over time.

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Example: Layers of sedimentary rock formed by particles settling in water over time.

Front

Igneous Rock Noun

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[ig-nee-uhs rok]

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Igneous Rock

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A type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, either magma or lava.

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Example: Magma beneath the Earth's surface cools and solidifies to form igneous rock.