Human Systems Interactions

Front

Aerobic cellular respiration Noun

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[air-oh-bik sel-yuh-ler res-pih-ray-shun]

Back

Aerobic cellular respiration

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The cellular process that uses oxygen to break down food molecules, like glucose, to release energy for the cell.

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Example: Glucose and oxygen turn into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in cells.

Front

Photosynthesis Noun

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[foh-toh-sin-thuh-sis]

Back

Photosynthesis

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The process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

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Example: The image shows how plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis.

Front

Neuron Noun

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[noor-on]

Back

Neuron

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A specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals, acting as the basic unit of the nervous system.

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Example: A diagram of a neuron showing how it transmits signals with labeled parts like dendrites and axon.

Front

Synapse Noun

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[sin-aps]

Back

Synapse

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The small gap between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted from one cell to another via neurotransmitters.

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Example: This diagram shows a synapse, where neurotransmitters move across the gap between neurons, helping to transmit nerve impulses.

Front

Neurotransmitter Noun

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[noor-oh-trans-mit-er]

Back

Neurotransmitter

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A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another target cell.

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Example: Neurotransmitters are shown moving from the axon of one neuron to the receptor on a dendrite, demonstrating signal transmission.

Front

Hormone Noun

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[hor-mohn]

Back

Hormone

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A chemical substance produced by the endocrine system that travels through the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions.

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Example: Hormones are released by endocrine cells and travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells.

Front

Insulin Noun

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[in-suh-lin]

Back

Insulin

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A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb sugar from the blood.

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Example: Insulin helps glucose enter cells by unlocking glucose channels.

Front

Hemoglobin Noun

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[hee-muh-gloh-bin]

Back

Hemoglobin

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An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to and transports oxygen throughout the body.

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Example: The image shows hemoglobin's structure, highlighting its chains and heme group, explaining how it carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Front

Enzyme Noun

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[en-zahym]

Back

Enzyme

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A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up the rate of specific chemical reactions in the body.

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Example: The image shows how enzymes break down starch into glucose, illustrating enzyme action.

Front

Artery Noun

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[ahr-tuh-ree]

Back

Artery

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A muscular blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

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Example: The image shows arteries in the arm, labeled clearly to help understand how blood is carried away from the heart.