Basic Virology Terms

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Cell

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The smallest unit of life; makes up all living things.

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Virus

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A tiny particle that is not a cell and can only reproduce inside a living cell.

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Host Cell

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The cell that a virus infects and uses to make copies of itself.

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Genetic Material

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Instructions (DNA or RNA) that control how cells or viruses work and reproduce.

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Protein Coat (Capsid)

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The outer covering of a virus that protects its genetic material.

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Reproduce

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To make more of the same kind; viruses reproduce only inside host cells.

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Infect

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When a virus enters a host cell and takes over.

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Disease

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An illness caused by viruses, bacteria, or other harmful agents.

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Spread (Transmission)

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How viruses move from one person or organism to another (like through coughing, sneezing, or touching).

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Immune System

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The body’s defense system that fights off viruses and other germs.