The Reformation and Counter-Reformation

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Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam

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Part of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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Martin Luther initiated the Reformation by posting the 95 Theses.

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A significant act that challenged the Catholic Church.

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The Reformation emphasized salvation by faith alone and the authority of Scripture.

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Key principles of the Reformation.

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John Calvin was a key figure in the Reformation, known for his doctrine of predestination.

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His teachings influenced many Protestant denominations.

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The Jesuits were founded to educate and convert people, playing a significant role in the Counter-Reformation.

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They focused on education and missionary work.

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The Council of Trent was a major part of the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation.

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It aimed to address issues raised by Protestant reformers.

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The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestant churches separate from the Catholic Church.

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This resulted in a significant shift in religious power.

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Luther's 95 Theses were a list of grievances against the Catholic Church.

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They criticized the sale of indulgences and other practices.

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Predestination is the belief that God has already chosen who will be saved.

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A central tenet of Calvinist theology.

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The Counter-Reformation was the Catholic Church's effort to reform and respond to Protestantism.

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It included various reforms and the establishment of new orders.