Chemical Interactions

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Element Noun

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[el-uh-muhnt]

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Element

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A fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and is a primary constituent of matter.

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Example: This diagram shows an oxygen atom, illustrating protons, neutrons, and electrons, which are parts of an element.

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Atom Noun

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[at-uhm]

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Atom

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The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist, retaining the chemical properties of that element.

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Example: An atom consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electron shells.

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Bond Noun

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[bond]

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Bond

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An attractive force that holds atoms or ions together in a molecule or crystal, forming a stable chemical compound.

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Example: The image shows hydrogen and oxygen atoms forming a water molecule, illustrating chemical bonds.

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Solid Noun

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[sol-id]

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Solid

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A state of matter characterized by a definite shape and volume, with particles tightly packed and vibrating in fixed positions.

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Example: The image shows particles packed tightly in a solid, illustrating fixed positions and definite shape.

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Liquid Noun

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[lik-wid]

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Liquid

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A state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape, whose particles are close but can move past one another.

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Example: A liquid in a beaker shows how it takes the shape of its container while maintaining a definite volume.

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Gas Noun

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[gas]

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Gas

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A state of matter with no definite shape or volume, where particles are far apart and move randomly and freely.

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Example: A balloon inflating over a bottle shows gas expanding and filling the space, demonstrating gas properties.

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Kinetic energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

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Kinetic energy

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The energy that an object or a particle possesses due to its motion, dependent on its mass and speed.

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Example: A cyclist going downhill gains kinetic energy due to increased speed.

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Conduction Noun

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[kon-duhk-shuhn]

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Conduction

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The process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance by direct contact between its particles without overall movement.

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Example: Heating one end of a metal bar transfers thermal energy to the cooler end.

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Insulation Noun

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[in-suh-ley-shuhn]

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Insulation

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A material used to reduce the rate of heat, sound, or electricity transfer between objects of differing temperature or potential.

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Example: Heat moves from the warm side to the cool side, showing how insulation slows this transfer.

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Solution Noun

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[suh-loo-shuhn]

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Solution

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A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances where one substance, the solute, is dissolved in another, the solvent.

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Example: A diagram of a solution with solute particles evenly distributed in a solvent.