U.S. Government Concepts Vocabulary

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Constitution

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The written plan of government for the United States. Example: The U.S. Constitution establishes the three branches of government.

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Preamble

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The introduction to the Constitution stating its goals. Example: The Preamble begins with 'We the People...'.

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Separation of Powers

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The division of government responsibilities into three branches. Example: Legislative makes laws, Executive enforces laws, Judicial interprets laws.

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Checks and Balances

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A system where each branch limits the power of the others. Example: The President can veto a bill passed by Congress.

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Bill of Rights

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The first ten amendments guaranteeing individual freedoms. Example: The First Amendment protects freedom of speech and religion.

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Federalism

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A system where power is divided between national and state governments. Example: States manage education while the federal government handles national defense.

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Democracy / Republic

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A government where people elect representatives to make decisions. Example: The U.S. is a democratic republic because citizens elect Congress.

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Civic Responsibility

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Duties of citizens to participate in society and government. Example: Voting in elections and serving on a jury are civic responsibilities.

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Due Process

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The legal requirement that rights must be respected by government. Example: The Fifth Amendment ensures due process before punishment.

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Judicial Review

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The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional. Example: In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established judicial review.