Basic Concepts in Archaeology and Early Human History

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Archaeology

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The study of human history through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts.

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Paleolithic Era

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The early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone tools were used. It is also called the Old Stone Age.

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Hunter-Gatherer

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A member of a nomadic people who live chiefly by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild food.

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Nomadic

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Moving from place to place without a permanent home, often to follow food sources.

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Migration

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Movement from one part of something to another.

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Adaptation

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The process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

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Domestication

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The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or on a farm.

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Agriculture

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The science or practice of farming.

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Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution)

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The widespread transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement.