3. Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acid

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One of the four macromolecules, containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen.

The macromolecule that creates DNA and RNA, which are important for heredity and genetic information.

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DNA

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A polymer of nucleic acids that stores genetic information, which can be passed from parent to offspring. Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Contains nucleotides with the nitrogen bases adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

Double stranded.

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RNA

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A polymer of nucleic acids. Important for copying DNA to create proteins.

Contains nucleotides with the nitrogen bases adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

Single stranded.

Can be found in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

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Nucleotide

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The monomers of nucleic acid polymers.

Consist of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogen base.

Five different nitrogen bases can be found on the nucleotide.

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Adenine (Bonding)

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Bonds with thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA)

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Cytosine (Bonding)

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Bonds with guanine (in both DNA and RNA)

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Thymine (Bonding)

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Bonds with adenine. Found ONLY in DNA.

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Guanine (Bonding)

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Bonds with cytosine (in both DNA and RNA)

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Uracil (Bonding)

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Bonds with adenine (found in RNA only)

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What type of bond allows for base pairing between complementary nitrogen bases?

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Not found in the lecture.

Hydrogen Bonds