4 Cell Membrane Structure and Function

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active transport

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method of transporting material across membranes that requires energy

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amphipathic

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molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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aquaporin

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channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate

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carrier protein

Back

membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

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channel protein

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membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

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concentration gradient

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area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

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diffusion

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passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient

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electrochemical gradient

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a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient

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endocytosis

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type of active transport that takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane (vesicles)

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exocytosis

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Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material through vesicles that fuse with the membrane