Grammar: Conventions of Punctuation

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What is punctuation?

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Punctuation refers to the marks used in writing that help clarify meaning and separate linguistic units. Examples include periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points.

Front

What is the purpose of a comma?

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A comma is used to indicate a pause between parts of a sentence, to separate items in a list, or to set off clauses.

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When should you use a comma before 'and' in a list?

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A comma should be used before 'and' in a list of three or more items to clarify the separation of the last two items (Oxford comma).

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What is the rule for punctuating dates?

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When writing dates, a comma is used to separate the day from the year if the date includes the month and the year (e.g., May 10, 1992).

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How do you punctuate a direct address in a sentence?

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When directly addressing someone in a sentence, their name or title should be set off by commas (e.g., 'Let's eat, Grandma!').

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What is the function of a semicolon?

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A semicolon is used to connect closely related independent clauses or to separate items in a complex list.

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When should you use a question mark?

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A question mark is used at the end of a direct question.

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What is the difference between a period and an exclamation point?

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A period indicates the end of a statement, while an exclamation point indicates strong emotion or emphasis.

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How do you punctuate a compound sentence?

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In a compound sentence, use a comma before the coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that connects two independent clauses.

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What is an apostrophe used for?

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An apostrophe is used to indicate possession (e.g., Sarah's book) or to form contractions (e.g., can't for cannot).