Protein Synthesis - Vocabulary

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Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis

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Ribosomes are the organelles where protein synthesis occurs, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

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Nucleic acid molecule that transmits (carries) the genetic information for protein synthesis

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is the nucleic acid that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

Transfers and brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during the process of translation.

Front

In RNA, the base thymine is replaced with this base that will bond Adenine instead in RNA.

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Uracil is the base that replaces thymine in RNA and pairs with adenine during RNA synthesis.

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The creation or combination of something

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Synthesis refers to the process of creating or combining components to form a new whole, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

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The process of decoding mRNA to build a protein

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Translation is the process where ribosomes read the sequence of mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

The building blocks of proteins

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Amino acids are the organic compounds that combine to form proteins, linked by peptide bonds.

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The molecule that carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

The enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template

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RNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during the transcription process.