APES Unit 2: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Concepts

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biodiversity (biological diversity)

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variety of species, genes, ecosystems, processes on Earth

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species diversity

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variety in number of types of species

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genetic diversity

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variety of genes (section of DNA for making specific protein)

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ecosystem diversity

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variety in types of biomes, aquatic ecosystems

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functional diversity

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variety in processes

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biological evolution

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changes in genetic characteristics of populations over time - caused by changes in genes/DNA

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natural selection

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mechanism for change - proposed by Darwin and Wallace

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fossils

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preserved remains of organisms, parts of organisms, impressions - found in rock, ice

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fossil record

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collection of fossils found thus far

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tectonic plates

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plates that are constantly moving