Live Session 1

Front

A patient comes in at 28 weeks GA with pelvic tenderness, fatigue, heart burn, intermittent hyperemesis, and leg edema. An OB limited is ordered and measurements are taken. This is consistent with:

Back

Normal Pregnancy

Front

An infant is delivered via c-section and transported to the NICU for severe enlargement of the head. The last ultrasound image in utero showed the following. Neonatal brain ultrasound reveals greatly enlarged ventricles. Exam of the posterior fossa shows a large cystic structure and splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres. This would be consistent with which of the following anomalies?

a. Dandy-Walker malformation

b. Dandy-Walker variant

c. holoprosencephaly

d. hydranencephaly

e. hydrocephalus

Back

a. Dandy-Walker malformation

Front

The “Double bubble” sign seen here is a sonographic sign associated with:

a. spina bifida

b. hydronephrosis

c. duodenal atresia

d. esophageal atresia

Back

c. duodenal atresia

The dilated stomach and proximal duodenum found in duodenal atresia produces a sonographic sign termed the double bubble sign.

Front

The skeletal abnormality demonstrated here is most likely associated with which disorder below?

a. achondroplasia

b. achondrogenesis

c. osteogenesis imperfecta

d. thanatophoric dysplasia

Back

d. thanatophoric dysplasia; (cloverleaf skull)

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a lethal skeletal dysplasia demonstrating severe rhizomelia, bell-shaped chest, and a cloverleaf skull.

Front

This finding is associated with what condition on prenatal ultrasound?

a. renal agenesis

b. duodenal atresia

c. intrauterine growth restriction

d. oligohydramnios

Back

b. duodenal atresia; (polyhydramnios)

Front

A routine second trimester ultrasound reveals these images; a fetus with shortened femur length, bowed long bones, and multiple fractures. Which skeletal dysplasia is most likely?

a. thanatophoric dysplasia

b. osteogenesis imperfecta

c. achondroplasia

d. campomelic dysplasia

Back

b. osteogenesis imperfecta

Front

Which of the following findings seen here is most suggestive of spina bifida on prenatal ultrasound?

a. lemon sign

b. double bubble sign

c. cloverleaf skull

d. splaying of cerebellar hemispheres

Back

a. lemon sign

Front

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?

a. anencephaly

b. encephalocele

c. hydrocephalus

d. caudal regression

Back

c. hydrocephalus

Protrusion of the forehead (frontal bossing) is most likely associated with hydrocephalus. The forehead is absent in anencephaly, and an encephalocele is more commonly located in the occipital region of the head.

Front

The sonographic finding in this image is most suspicious for:

a. hydranencephaly

b. ventriculomegaly

c. holoprosencephaly

d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

Back

b. ventriculomegaly

The lateral ventricle measures 1.1 cm, consistent with mild ventricular enlargement. The occipital horn is generally the first portion to dilate.

Front

This sagittal image of the fetal abdomen most likely demonstrates:

a. renal cyst

b. hydronephrosis

c. duodenal atresia

d. diaphragmatic hernia

Back

b. hydronephrosis

An anechoic renal pelvis is most suspicious for hydronephrosis, likely a result of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Renal cysts are uncommon findings.