Vascular Case Study Live Session

Front

The findings in this sonogram are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?

a. pseudoaneurysm

b. dissecting aneurysm

c. ruptured aneurysm

d. aneurysm with chronic thrombus

Back

d. aneurysm with chronic thrombus

A complex aortic aneurysm demonstrating smooth wall margins is identified in this sonogram of the abdominal aorta. The anechoic area represents the lumen of the aorta, and the complex area represents chronic changes in intraluminal thrombus. Chronic thrombus within an aneurysm may demonstrate a complex appearance mimicking a dissection or rupture.

Front

A 65-year-old local farmer presents with a history of leukocytosis and an enlarging, pulsatile abdominal mass. The anterior, posterior, and lateral borders of the distal aorta are outlined by the calibers. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following pathologies?

a. lymphadenopathy

b. arterial dissection

c. retroperitoneal fibrosis

d. mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm

Back

d. mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm

The clinical history includes: leukocytosis and an enlarging pulsatile abdominal mass. The distal aorta measures 5 cm in height and 6 cm in width. Complex intraluminal echoes are also identified. Based on the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Front

A patient presents with symptoms of intermittent digital ischemia occur in response to cold exposure and emotional stress; the following clinical signs appear and dampened PVR waveforms are seen post cold exposure. What is the best diagnosis?

Back

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front

A patient with Marfan Syndrome comes in for an ultrasound and this image is taken. What is the likely diagnosis:

a. pseudoaneurysm

b. pulmonary embolism

c. abdominal aortic aneurysm

d. stenosis in the common carotid artery

Back

c. abdominal aortic aneurysm

Marfan syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition that affects the elastic fibers in the media of the aorta, increasing the risk for developing an aneurysm.

Front

A patient comes in to the clinic for an aortic ultrasound and dilatation of the mid artery is seen measuring 2.9cm, and is larger diameter compared to the more proximal segment. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. pseudoaneurysm

b. arteriovenous fistula

c. ectatic aneurysm

d. saccular aneurysm

Back

c. ectatic aneurysm

An ectatic aneurysm is a dilatation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment. In cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms, the ectatic dilatation does not exceed 3.0 cm in diameter.

Front

A Patient comes in for a DVT study due to leg swelling and tenderness in the upper thigh; and following is seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Deep vein thrombus

b. Superficial thrombus

c. Venous reflux

d. Venous dissection

Back

b. Superficial thrombus

Front

A 72-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden onset of severe back pain. Ultrasound reveals this area in the mid abdomen with evidence of free fluid in the retroperitoneum. What is the most likely complication?

a. aortic dissection

b. aortic rupture

c. aortic stenosis

d. aortic coarctation

Back

b. aortic rupture

Sudden severe back pain and free fluid in the retroperitoneum in a patient with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm are classic signs of aneurysm rupture, a life-threatening emergency.

Front

The following is seen during an ultrasound of the carotid artery; increased PSV are noted and the patient has a noted history of hypertension, dizziness, and arterial hyperplasia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Front

This image is taken during an ultrasound of the aorta; which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of this finding?

a. diabetes mellitus

b. chronic kidney disease

c. smoking

d. hyperthyroidism

Back

c. smoking

Smoking is the most significant modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Front

On ultrasound, this area is seen arising from the lateral wall of the abdominal aorta. Which of the following best describes this finding?

a. fusiform aneurysm

b. saccular aneurysm

c. pseudoaneurysm

d. ectatic aneurysm

Back

b. saccular aneurysm

A saccular aneurysm is characterized by a localized, sac-like outpouching of the vessel wall, as opposed to the more common fusiform (spindle-shaped) aneurysm.