BIOL1307 Chapter 22 Castro

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What are the foundations of natural selection?

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The foundations of natural selection include: 1) Overproduction of offspring, 2) Variation among individuals, 3) Limited resources. The principle NOT included is goal-directed improvement of species.

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What is comparative embryology?

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Comparative embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species, which provides evidence for evolutionary relationships.

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Who is Georges Cuvier?

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Georges Cuvier is credited with developing paleontology and demonstrating that older strata contain fossils that are very different from modern life forms.

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What is sympatric speciation?

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Sympatric speciation is the process of speciation that occurs when populations evolve into separate species while inhabiting the same geographic region, often due to chromosomal errors like polyploidy.

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What are analogous structures?

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Analogous structures are features in different species that serve similar functions but evolved independently, such as the wings of bats and insects.

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What is the principle of overproduction of offspring?

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The principle of overproduction of offspring states that most species produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition for resources.

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What is variation among individuals?

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Variation among individuals refers to the differences in traits within a population, which can affect survival and reproduction.

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What are vestigial traits?

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Vestigial traits are structures or features that have lost most or all of their original function through the course of evolution, such as the human appendix.

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What is allopatric speciation?

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Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated, leading to the evolution of new species due to isolation.

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What is convergent evolution?

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Convergent evolution is the process where unrelated species develop similar traits due to adapting to similar environments or ecological niches.