H Bio Ch 12 Cell Cycle_23

Front

What are sister chromatids?

Back

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single chromosome, connected by a centromere, that are formed during DNA replication.

Front

What phase of the cell cycle is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the equator of the cell?

Back

Metaphase is the phase where chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.

Front

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at specific checkpoints.

Front

What happens during prophase?

Back

During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Front

What is cancer in terms of cell cycle regulation?

Back

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells due to mutations that disrupt normal cell cycle regulation.

Front

What is the significance of the cell division checkpoint?

Back

Cell division checkpoints are critical control points in the cell cycle that ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase, preventing errors.

Front

What occurs during anaphase?

Back

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each new cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Front

What is the function of the mitotic spindle?

Back

The mitotic spindle is a structure made of microtubules that segregates chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division.

Front

What is telophase?

Back

Telophase is the final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes de-condense, the nuclear envelope re-forms, and the cell prepares to divide.

Front

What are diploid cells?

Back

Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and are represented as 2n.