Chapter 12 Nursing Management: Patients With Hypertension

Front

Epidemiology of hypertension

Back

Hypertension significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30 to 79 years worldwide have hypertension. Control of hypertension is known to be undermanaged.

Front

Blood pressure criteria for hypertension

Back

Front

Blood pressure difference between limbs

Back

Front

Flowchart illustrating factors contributing to hypertension.

Back

Factors contributing to hypertension include excess sodium intake, fewer nephrons, stress, genetic alteration, obesity, and endothelial factors. These lead to increased blood pressure through mechanisms like renal sodium retention, sympathetic nervous system overactivity, and renin-angiotensin excess.

Front

Pathophysiology of blood pressure

Back

BP is the product of cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance.

Front

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

Back

PVR is related to the diameter of the blood vessel and the viscosity of the blood.

Front

Management of hypertension

Back

Aims to decrease peripheral resistance, blood volume, or the strength, force, and rate of myocardial contraction.

Front

Types of hypertension

Back

Primary vs. secondary hypertension; includes white coat hypertension.

Front

Normal BP

Back

BP < 120/80 mm Hg - Promote optimal lifestyle habits - Reassess in 1 year (Class IIa)

Front

Elevated BP

Back

BP 120–129/<80 mm Hg - Nonpharmacologic therapy (Class I) - Reassess in 3–6 months (Class I)