Unit 1: Post-Civil War Terms and Concepts

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Amnesty

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government pardon

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Freedmen

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men and women who were legally freed from slavery after the Civil War

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Black Codes

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southern laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War

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Carpetbaggers

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uncomplimentary nickname for a northern white who went to the South after the Civil War to start a business or pursue a political career

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Scalawag

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southern white who had opposed secession

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Impeachment

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process of bringing formal charges against a public official

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Poll Tax

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personal tax to be paid before voting

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Literacy test

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examination to see if a person can read and write, used in the past to restrict voting rights

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Grandfather clause

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law that excused a voter from a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867

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Segregation

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enforced separation of races