Geography Concepts Flashcards

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Absolute direction

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Exact compass directions (north, south, east, west). Examples: 1. The U.S. is north of Mexico. 2. Japan is east of China. 3. Canada is south of the North Pole.

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Absolute distance

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Exact measurement of space between two places. Examples: 1. Memphis → Nashville is ~212 miles. 2. Los Angeles → New York is ~2,450 miles. 3. Paris → London is ~214 miles (via train/tunnel).

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Absolute location

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Precise coordinates (latitude/longitude). Examples: 1. White House, Washington D.C. → 38.8977° N, 77.0365° W. 2. Mount Everest summit → 27.9881° N, 86.9250° E. 3. Eiffel Tower → 48.8584° N, 2.2945° E.

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Accessibility

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Ease of reaching a location. Examples: 1. Airports like Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson connect globally. 2. Rural villages in the Amazon have poor accessibility. 3. Fiber-optic internet improves digital accessibility in cities.

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Arithmetic density

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Population ÷ total land area. Examples: 1. Bangladesh (~1,300 people/sq. km). 2. Mongolia (~2 people/sq. km). 3. U.S. average (~36 people/sq. km).

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Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

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World’s primary time standard, set at Greenwich, England (0° longitude). Examples: 1. London uses UTC+0 in winter. 2. New York = UTC–5 (EST). 3. Tokyo = UTC+9.

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Physiological density

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Population ÷ arable (farmable) land. Examples: 1. Egypt has very high physiological density because most people live along the Nile River’s farmland. 2. The Netherlands has a high physiological density due to limited farmland. 3. Canada has a low physiological density because much of its land is not arable.

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Agricultural density

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Number of farmers ÷ arable land area. Examples: 1. Egypt has high agricultural density (lots of farmers per land unit). 2. The U.S. has low agricultural density (few farmers, mechanized agriculture). 3. India has a medium agricultural density compared to developed countries.

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Flow

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Movement of people, goods, or information. Examples: 1. Immigration from Mexico to the U.S. 2. Flow of oil from the Middle East to Europe. 3. Flow of information on social media (TikTok trends spreading worldwide).

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Cultural landscape

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Visible imprint of human activity on land. Examples: 1. Machu Picchu (terraced farming, Inca ruins). 2. Skyscrapers in New York City. 3. Rice paddies in Southeast Asia.